"a large waterfowl proverbially noted, I know not why, for foolishness" [Johnson], Old English gos, from Proto-Germanic *gans- "goose" (cf. Old Frisian gos, Old Norse gas, Old High German gans, German Gans "goose"), from PIE *ghans- (cf. Sanskrit hamsah (masc.), hansi (fem.), "goose, swan;" Greek khen; Latin anser; Polish gęś "goose;" Lithuanian zasis "goose;" Old Irish geiss "swan"), probably imitative of its honking.
Spanish ganso "goose" is from a Germanic source. Loss of "n" sound is normal before "s." Plural form geese is an example of i-mutation.
Meaning "simpleton" is from 1540s. To cook one's goose first attested 1845, of unknown origin; attempts to connect it to Swedish history and Greek fables have been unconvincing. Goose egg "zero" first attested 1866 in baseball slang. The goose that laid the golden egg is from Aesop.
"jab in the rear," c.1880, from goose (n.), possibly from resemblance of the upturned thumb to a goose's beak. Related: Goosed; goosing. In 19c. theatrical slang, to be goosed meant "to be hissed" (by 1818).
To ruin or destroy someone; finish •Very often in the passive form, ''our goose is cooked'': I know I've basically cooked my own goose here
[1845+; origin uncertain; one legend has it that a Swedish king Erik was mocked, as he approached a town, by a goose hanging over the wall, the goose being a symbol of folly and stupidity. The king thereupon burned the town and cooked the goose]
cook someone's goose, as full of shit as a christmas goose, loose as a goose
[fr the presumed prodding action of an angry goose; influenced by an earlier sense, ''to do the sex act to; screw,'' where the instrument is a tailor's goose, a smoothing iron with a curved handle, found by 1690]